On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square, standing sideways before drawing and firing their weapons. His work included identifying and counting the number of troops in uniform who were drinking while on duty, verifying hotel liquor licenses, and tracking down individuals who owed money to the cash-strapped Union Army. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. Only station employees were allowed to testify at the trial (testimony by McCanless son was barred), and the verdict was that the men had acted in self-defense. After his release, McCall had lingered in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming. Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. Did Wild Bill Hickok have children? Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . Drawn to this ruffian lifestyle, he headed west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice, working as a stagecoach driver and later as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Even in death Hickok's legend grew. On August 2, 1876, during a poker game in a saloon that found him with his back uncharacteristically to the door, Hickok was shot in the back of his head by Jack McCall, who may have been hired to kill him. Jack McCall. Brink, were tried for killing McCanles, but were found to have acted in self-defense. B. Hickock [sic] (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Notorious Old West gunmen John Wesley Hardin and James Butler Hickok, also known as "Wild Bill," began as friends. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. The way Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a direct correlation for what he did when he was a young boy. Playing cards with his back to the door, Hickok had no clue that he was about to be murdered. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1984). At Bridger, Montana, Jane moved in with a cowboy named Robert Dorsett. Wild Bill Hickok's iconic status is rooted in a shootout in July 1861 in what came to be known as the McCanles Massacre in Rock Creek, Nebraska. Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. [6][35] Witnesses confirm that while working as a scout at Fort Harker, Kansas, on May 11, 1867, Hickok was attacked by a large group of Indians, who fled after he shot and killed two. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). He was bedridden for four months before being sent to Rock Creek Station in the Nebraska Territory to work as a stable hand while he recovered. McCall alleged that John Varnes, a Deadwood gambler, had paid him to murder Wild Bill. He left his wife a few months later to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. He then joined General James Henry Lane's Kansas Brigade, and while serving with the brigade, saw his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, who was serving as a scout. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. Hickok remained in Hays through August 1868, when he brought 200 Cheyenne Indians to Hays to be viewed by "excursionists". To be entitled to acquittal on the ground of self-defense, he must have been anxious to avoid a conflict, and must have used all reasonable means to avoid it. Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. On July 21, 1865, frontier legend Wild Bill Hickok gunned down gambler Davis Tutt in what is often called the first "Wild West" showdown. Hickok moved to Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, where he joined Jim Lane's Free State Army (also known as the Jayhawkers), an antislavery vigilante group active in the new territory during the Bleeding Kansas era. But Coe "reckoned without his host". The gun did not sell because the highest bid of $220,000 was less than the reserve set by the gun's owners.[76]. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . This was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; the accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". It is believed that McCanles arrived at the station with his son, Monroe; his cousin, James Woods; and James Gordon, a man in his service. He became a deputy U.S. marshal, and on March 28, 1868, he picked up 11 Union Army deserters who had been charged with stealing government property. Her friends held a fundraiser for her and the benefit proved a howling successuntil Jane began treating her generous friends to drinks. Wild Bill had learned of the scheme and cornered Coe, had his two pistols drawn on Coe. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:12. While at Castle City Jane went to Gilt Edge, some two hundred miles away, where she was jailed for being drunk. As a very young boy, Bill was born to father William Alonzo Hickok and mother Polly Butler. A monument has been built there. He was sentenced to death on January 3, 1877 and on March 1, 1877 he was executed by hanging. It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. McCall lost heavily. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. Hickok remains a popular figure of frontier history. [60] McCall then entered the saloon, walked up behind Hickok, drew his Colt Model 1873 Single Action Army .45-caliber revolver, and shouted, "Damn you! He told Mrs. McCanles he was sorry he had to kill her man then took out $35 [$1,056 in 2021 dollars] and gave it to her saying: "This is all I have, sorry I do not have more to give you." [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Although McCall accepted the money, he was apparently insulted. [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. [6], Hickok was a good shot from a young age, and was recognized locally as an outstanding marksman with a pistol. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. Hickok was born and raised on a farm in northern Illinois at a time when lawlessness and vigilante activity were rampant because of the influence of the "Banditti of the Prairie". Bill and Jane are buried next to each other in Deadwoods Mount Moriah Cemetery. Hickok is currently interred in a 10ft (3m) square plot at the Mount Moriah Cemetery, surrounded by a cast-iron fence, with a U.S. flag flying nearby. He is now at Yankton, D.T. [39] Three sheriffs had quit during the previous 18 months. Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. As vile a character as I ever met for some cause Wild Bill incurred Coe's hatred and he vowed to secure the death of the marshal. Before being called Wild Bill Hickok, his original name was James Butler Hickok. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers. Hickok's retort is one of the West's most famous sayings (though possibly apocryphal): "Did the crow have a pistol? While in Deadwood, South Dakota, Wild Bill Hickok became a regular poker player at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. He was one of the early heroes of the West popularized in the dime novels of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. But although there was an uncanny resemblance between the two, plus stories of Jane visiting the child, Shadley lacked any documentation to back up her claim. But thirty years had passed when she began making inquiries about Jane, whom she thought was her grandmother. Shes all Ive got to live fer; shes my only comfort [sic]. Fox described Jessie as neatly dressed but shy and embarrassed. Yet she had a bright face, and her manners were very good for one whose opportunities had been so few.. Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. From there the ONeils took the pair to the family home in Richmond, Virginia, and ultimately raised the Jean in Liverpool, England. [40]:192, On July 17, 1870, Hickok was attacked by two troopers from the 7th U.S. Cavalry, Jeremiah Lonergan and John Kyle (sometimes spelled Kile),[42] in a saloon. Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. [45], Hickok later said he did not know that "Wesley Clemmons" was Hardin's alias, and that he was a wanted outlaw. The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. His own show, The Daring Buffalo Chase of the Plains, did not fare well, but in 1873 he joined Buffalo Bill Codys The Scouts of the Prairie, which was based in Rochester, New York. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. After shooting Coe, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone running toward him and quickly fired two more shots in reaction, accidentally shooting and killing Abilene Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams, who was coming to his aid. I suggest you read Calamity Jane: The Woman and the Legend by James D. McLaird. August marks of the deaths of two of the Wild West's most famous figures: Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. ", Judge Boyd said, "That when danger is threatened and impending a man is not compelled to stand with his arms folded until it is too late to offer successful resistance, and if the jury believe from the evidence that Tutt was a fighting character and a dangerous man and that [Defendant] was aware such was his character and that Tutt at the time he was shot by the Deft. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. Hardin was in town under his assumed name Wesley Clemmons, but was better known to the townspeople by the alias "Little Arkansas". [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. Good bye, Colorado Charlie, C. H. Utter. We drove on to Beatrice and at the trial, his plea was self-defense; no one appeared against him, and he was cleared. By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. Updates? Hickok may have been acting sheriff before he was elected; a newspaper reported that he arrested offenders on August 18, and the commander of Fort Hays wrote a letter to the assistant adjutant general on August 21 in which he praised Hickok for his work in apprehending deserters. Though no solid record exists, he is believed to have served as a Union spy in the Confederate Army before his discharge in 1865. Nicholss version of the shootout in Harpers grabbed the publics attention, making Hickok an instant legend whose gunfighting prowess became fodder for dime novels. ", Hermon, Gregory (1987). He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. In July, 1865, in Springfield, Missouri's town square, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, an old friend who after personal grudges escalated became an enemy. The first was Bill Mulvey, who was rampaging through town, drunk, shooting out mirrors and whisky bottles behind bars. If the deceased and defendant engaged in a fight or conflict willingly on the part of each, and the defendant killed the deceased, he is guilty of the offense charged, although the deceased may have fired the first shot. Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. When they returned from overseas, Agnes and Bill Lake decided to start their own circus. Bonhams auction company offered this pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,[75] described as Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). [citation needed], From 1871 until his death in 1876, Hickok had vision problems. For the next several years, various witnesses saw Jane, who towed Jessie around with her as she drank her way across the west. Jean McCormick was the daughter of Jane "Calamity Jane" Cannary and James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok. After in inquest where other incidents of Hickoks brand of frontier justice was revealed, he was relieved of his duties. Two 7th Cavalry troopers jump, Most people have heard of Calamity Jane, once promoted as The Famous Woman Scout of. [31], Several weeks later, an interview Hickok gave to Colonel George Ward Nichols, a journalist who subsequently became known as the creator of the Hickok legend,[32] was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. In more recent times, however, Calamity Jane biographer James McLaird disproved McCormicks claim by researching when and how her fantastic autobiography unfolded. In the Clint Eastwood movie Hang em High, a tumbleweed wagon picks up prisoners to haul them off to jail. This cemetery filled quickly, and in 1879, on the third anniversary of Hickok's original burial, Utter paid to move Hickok's remains to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery. [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. In 1876, Wild Bill Hickok was suffering from glaucoma. Children: Possibly two daughters; . There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] The watch had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not to wear it in public. And though it is difficult to picture her in the domestic arena, Jane was also a mother. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. He reported returning with five prisoners after killing 10. For the next several years, Hickok worked as a stagecoach driver. was advancing on him with a drawn pistol and that Tutt had previously made threats of personal injury to Deft. A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both titled Calamity Jane, also portray a romance between Calamity Jane and Hickok. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters, James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, Illinois. The two men faced each other sideways for a duel. While a Jayhawker, he met 12-year-old William Cody (later known as "Buffalo Bill"), who, despite his youth, served as a scout just two years later for the U.S. Army during the Utah War. Did Wild Bill Hickok have a child? He drove freight wagons and coaches. It ends with Hickok surviving the murder attempt due to wearing body armor and being shot in the back, then secretly leaving for a ranch in California. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. Calamity Jane. Visit our corporate site. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. by Marshall Trimble | Nov 1, 2007 | Inside History. He is chiefly portrayed as a protagonist, although historical accounts of his actions are often controversial, and much of his career is known to have been exaggerated both by himself and by contemporary mythmakers. [67], After bragging about killing Hickok, McCall was rearrested. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 August 2, 1876), better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, was a folk hero of the American Old West known for his life on the frontier as a soldier, scout, lawman, cattle rustler, gunslinger, gambler, showman, and actor, and for his involvement in many famous gunfights. When Kyle's weapon misfired, Hickok shot Lonergan, wounding him in the knee, and shot Kyle twice, killing him. Last, there is Jessiethe most credible of Calamity Janes daughters. ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). For confirmation that Hickok was employed as a U.S. Army scout fighting Indians in Kansas in the summer of 1867, see Ames, George Augustus, Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, List of cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok, "How many men did Wild Bill Hickok actually kill? The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. Hickok died immediately. Jessie and Jane were back together when they arrived in Billings, Montana in 1898. In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Wild Bill Hickok's Revolver James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok's (1837-1874) pair of ivory-handled revolvers were as legendary as he was. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. Future Publishing Limited I will be. Wild Bill's brother, Oliver Cromwell Hickok married and fathered five children per: Search Results from User Submitted Genealogies (only as accurate as submitter). He was very famous as a lawman as he established law and order in some of the most notorious towns on the frontier. [51], Hickok was relieved of his duties as marshal less than two months after the accidental shooting, this incident being only one of a series of questionable shootings and claims of misconduct during his career. James Butler Hickok arrived in Springfield, Missouri . setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. What do you know about Pete Spence, a member of the Cowboys of Tombstone? On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during a street brawl when Coe fired two shots. Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State. He usually sat with his back to a wall so he could see the entrance, but the only seat available when he joined the game was a chair facing away from the door. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. He earned a great deal of notoriety in his own time, much of it bolstered by the many outlandish and often fabricated tales he told about himself. [59], The next day, Hickok was playing poker again. For more on American historysubscribe to All About History for as little as 26. [6] Since the event was outdoors, he could not compel people to pay, and the venture was a financial failure. [c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed they could apply the unwritten law of the "fair fight" and acquit. [28] Strawhun "made remarks against Hickok", and Hickok killed him with a shot through the head. , when he brought 200 Cheyenne Indians to Hays to be viewed by excursionists... Reported returning with five prisoners after killing 10 relieved of his duties and lawman were and! 29963, a position as a very young boy, instantly killing him 1982.. 65Ha ) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa heroes of most... 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