transylvanian saxon surnames

Around 100,000 Germans fled before the Soviet Red Army, but Romania did not conduct the expulsion of Germans as did neighboring countries at war's end. Not only one of the most common Romanian surnames but also a very popular first name among boys, Bogdan is a . Like flowers competing for pollinators, its states outdid each other in advertising economic privileges and . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Cine le-a dat denumirea de sai colonitilor germani adui n Ardeal", "Twist in the tale of Pied Piper's kidnapping", "Alma Vii, Transylvania - The Transylvanian Saxons", "Kirchenburgen und mittelalterliche Kirchen in Siebenbrgen Landkarte". The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. The colonization of Transylvania by ethnic Germans later collectively known as Transylvanian Saxons began under the reign of King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). Michael Wei, former mayor of Media/Mediasch. Sibiu - the Cultural Capital of Transylvania and a fine example of 14th and 15th centuries urban planning. The rural settlements were more protected with a series of fortified churches known as 'kirchenburgen' in standard German. Subsequently, taking into account the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, many Transylvanian Saxons became staunch supporters of national socialism, with the Evangelical Lutheran Church losing, eventually, very much of its influence in the community as time passed by. Ergnzt durch Logik und andere Forschungsquellen, u.a. Transylvanian Saxon/Siweberjesch-Sksesch Material. Angehrige verschiedene Stmmewaren, gingen diese Mitgliedschaften At the same time, especially after Romania's accession into NATO and the EU, many Transylvanian Saxons are returning from Germany, reclaiming property lost to the former communist regime and/or starting up small and medium-sized enterprises. Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongols, and Tatars). Hello all, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language. This is the textile room, museum and guest room for friends, Herberth said, standing next to a 300-year-old oak weaving loom, which Stanciu has learned to use. They lived from about the year 550 until 1066, although a small fraction survived after that. While most Transylvanian roads are heavily potholed or unpaved, the Transfgran . wie wir sie wissen, nicht gebraucht. The region was called Royal Lands or Saxon Lands (German: Knigsboden; Hungarian: Kirlyfld or Szszfld; Romanian: Pmntul criesc; Latin: Terra Saxonum or Fundus Regius). In these regards, the Transylvanian Saxon cuisine can be regarded as quintessentially Central European. und ihre Orte The literal translation of this Romanian last name is 'black beard.'. Bogdan. The Mongol invasion of 1241-42 devastated much of the Kingdom of Hungary. Nonetheless, one of the consequences of the Reformation was the emergence of an almost perfect equivalence, in the Transylvanian context, of the terms Lutheran and Saxon, with the Lutheran Church in Transylvania being de facto a "Volkskirche", i.e. Janosch m German (Modern), Transylvanian Saxon. May 5, 2018. changed their name! Pejmer and its shelter rooms. . The latter region, centered around the town of Mhlbach (Romanian: Sebe), was known as Unterwald. Upper part: the locator (with a special hat) receives the foundation charter from the landlord. This word in Romanian means 'bushy beard.'. Back in apu, Zakel gives me a tour of Casa Anna, a more modest project than that of Schuster and her husband. After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90% of the Saxons who remained fled Transylvania within a few months. Abstract Records (1902-1981) of the Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons (Cleveland, Ohio), a fraternal and insurance organization, include convention minutes. (Obwohl die frhen Europer whrend der Rmerzeit Under the influence of Johannes Honterus, the great majority of the Transylvanian Saxons embraced the new creed of Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation. Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. 1947 verschiedene Familiennamen. This Traditional Saxon Potato Tarragon Soup From Transylvania is a delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the winter season. That area was important for mining in the Middle Ages. While many Saxon buildings these days have been insensitively renovated, or are in various stages of neglect, the architectural complex in Cincor which includes the fortified church, the large parish house, the former Saxon school and a typical Saxon peasant house has been traditionally restored by Schuster and her husband and now operates as guesthouses. . und ihre Orte, Als Leute in kleinen Gruppen wohnten, haben sie bleibende Nachnamen, so fixiert worden, und Leute haben manchmal ihren Namen gendert! It is an attachment felt by many with roots in this ancient community. In 1211, King Andrew II of Hungary invited the Teutonic Knights to settle and defend the Burzenland in the southeastern corner of Transylvania. Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialectal varieties, they came to be collectively referred to as 'Saxons' because of Germans working for the royal Hungarian chancellery.[18][19]. Due to this emigration from Romania the population of Saxons is dwindling. The Web This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Familien-Namen (Fritz Keintzel-Schn), Editura Academiei Bucuresti Also Lupu. Hochdeutsch), for example '' (or dumpfes a as it is known in standard German) which is pronounced as in Norwegian or Danish. The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. Nearly 200,000 Romanians have this surname. A second phase of German settlement during the early 13th century consisted of settlers primarily stemming from the Rhineland region, the southern Low Countries, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, and even from France. Siebenbuergen - Transylvania Founded in 1902, the Alliance is open to Americans of Transylvanian Saxon descent. Although his actions were ultimately rescinded, many Saxons began to see themselves as being a small minority opposed by nationalist Romanians and Hungarians. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Arhivirano 2021-01-22 na Wayback Machine. Other traditional Transylvanian Saxon dishes include: The Transylvanian Saxon dialect (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch or simply just Sksesch; German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch) is a very conservative and rather archaic German dialect that has evolved throughout the passing of time relatively isolated from other German dialects (apart, most notably, from Transylvanian Landler). For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Transylvanian Saxons . Rooms were built inside the walls, serving as food deposits in times of peace and shelter in times of siege. Familienanzeigen der The surrounding area became known as the Nsnerland. Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. Schlesien - Silesia Source: Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons. Geni requires JavaScript! Otherwise, they enjoyed suzerainty; even Hungarians could not settle down in the Saxon territories. . : Out of 25 ancestral surnames, 12 or 13 look German: 1) Neumann . Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. The settlers clear the forest and build houses. Gradually, the type of medieval German once spoken by these settlers, craftsmen, guardsmen, miners, and various other workers became locally known as Sksesch (i.e. The new pro-Soviet government of Romania suppressed their historical rights and confiscated properties. Most colonists to this area came from Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Ltzebuerg) and the Moselle River region (see for instance Medardus de Nympz, former knight and founder of the fortified village of Niemesch/Nema in Mona).[22]. [38] Historically, the town of Suceava has also been known in Old High German as Sedschopff. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen . They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). Although they remained a rich and influential group, the Saxons were no longer a dominant class within Modern Age Transylvania. Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. Such an attack would often stem from the Cumans, for example, or from the Pechenegs. Romania's significant German (Saxon) heritage is obvious in Southern Transylvania, home to hundreds of well-preserved Saxon towns and villages. The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. Welcome to Geni, home of the world's largest family tree. present-day Rmnicu Vlcea) and Piteti (German: Pitesk). The landscape is dotted by haystacks that look as though they belong to a Brothers Grimm fairy tale. The churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls. But even forsaken communities such as these can be partly revived, as Carmen Schuster discovered on a fateful return to her ancestral village of Cincor (Kleinschenk in German). Johannes Benkner, former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt. However, Bucharest owes to its German-born king, Carol I, much of the systematization and modernization that occurred during late 1800s early 1900s. Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. The church bells slowly toll and the smell of fresh roses permeates the air as 25 local Saxons, both young and old, file into the 14th-Century fortified church for Sunday morning prayers. THE RESTORATION OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN HUNGARIAN ARISTOCRATS. [15] For several consecutive centuries, the main task of these medieval German-speaking settlers (as that of the Szeklers for example in the east of Transylvania) was to defend the southern, southeastern, and northeastern borders of the then Kingdom of Hungary against foreign invaders stemming most notably from Central Asia and even far East Asia (e.g. This is further hinted but also highlighted in the coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (Romanian: Cibinium) by the water lily included therein. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. (Familienanzeigen: Siebenbrgische Zeitung). Surnames are now important in identifying individuals and families over time. However: surname spelling has only recently become fixed, and people sometimes First recorded as a surname in Staffordshire, England, but refers to a village in Normandy called Rugles. Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. . Although the Hungarian control over Transylvania was defeated by Austrian and Imperial Russian forces in 1849, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary in 1867 did not represent a positive transformation for the political rights of the Saxons. Warfare between the Habsburg monarchy and Hungary against the Ottoman Empire from the 16th18th centuries decreased the population of Transylvanian Saxons. For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. The tracht looks like a garment from a bygone era, and, with the changes the Saxon community has faced over the past few decades, to some degree it is. "devotee of"). A newspaper dedicated to the community of Hungarian-Germans in Ohio is now on Chronicling America! Linzing lives in Malancrav with her husband and two children, who all speak in the Saxon dialect, which is similar to that of Luxembourgish, when they are at home. During the Protestant Reformation, most Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 533 pixels. original holder of the name, there are, Neben den in der Heimat gewachsenen Nachnamen nimmt die Liste von However, the Habsburgs still promoted Roman Catholicism to the Saxons during the Counter-Reformation. wahrscheinlich im frhen Mittelalter verloren.). After all, the Saxon villages in Transylvania doubled as outposts used to defend trading routes through the countryside. (adjectives describing the person physically or their personality and Trgu Neam), they could have been equally helped in establishing it by the Teutonic Knights. Aber: die Rechtschreibung eines Nachnamens ist nur in jngeren Zeiten I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. Hence, taking in consideration the aforementioned regarding the Saxon title in high medieval Transylvania, the Transylvanian Saxons' ethnic consciousness subsequently solidified after the first waves of settlers from Western Europe arrived in Transylvania and was further reinforced or revitalised with new settlers from central and southern present-day Germany during the Modern Age, more specifically during the 19th century. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of . My great aunt lived here for more than 70 years, said Zakel, who bought the house last year from a family member. Later, with few opportunities emerging after communism ended, as many as half a million left between December 1989 and spring 1990, mostly to Germany, as freedom of movement opened up the country. national costumes or Schsische Trachten). The colonization continued until the end of the 13th century. Its county seat is Brevard.Transylvania County comprises the B. Transylvanian Diet - The Transylvanian Diet (German: Siebenbrgischer Landtag; Hungarian: Erdlyi Dieta; Romanian . The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral at Baia as seen in autumn. Map and list of Transylvanian Saxon villages; The History of Transylvania and the Transylvania Saxons by Dr. Konrad Gndisch; Transylvanian Saxon surnames; Transylvanian placenames in different languages General site on the Transylvanian Saxons General forum for the Transylvanian Saxons Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. Fortification of the towns. . Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen Fieraru - This is an occupational surname that means "blacksmith." Fischer - This Romanian surname means "fisherman." Funar - This last name means "rope maker." Maier - This is the short form of the Romanian word meaning "farmer. He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. The militia banner of the Saxons from Heldsdorf (Romanian: Hlchiu), Braov County during the 184849 Hungarian Revolution, Distribution of Saxons in Transylvania at the end of the 19th century, Saxon couple (late 19th century illustration), Saxon couple from Sibiu/Hermannstadt area, c. 1900. It was used in writing to some text extent from then on, although High German was also used as a written language, and by the 19th century High German was the main written language used by Transylvanian Saxons. Tabellen zusammengestellt mit Informationen von: We took our traditions from our parents and grandparents, she said. Notably, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, a medieval realm that existed roughly . The letters ch, and were used until 1938, when ch was replaced by h, became o and became r. They were later reinstated, but were no longer used after 1957. whlen. . ( Mac / Adobe Stock) Transylvanian Fortified Churches as Heritage of Saxon Settlers . For example, if the father was named Aelfwald . of those who, Noch eine Eigenheit von schsischen Namen ist das Vorherrschen von, Another peculiarity of Saxon names is the prevalence of In the Middle Ages, approximately 300 villages were defended by the Kirchenburgen, or fortified churches with massive walls and watch towers.[29]. It is also very important to mention the fact that Transylvanian Saxon as a regional dialect varied geographically and, consequently, that each village had its own form of it while still retaining mutual intelligibility between themselves as well. The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). Their native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch, Romanian: Dialectul ssesc) is close to Luxembourgish. When I visited my aunt when I was 18, I entered the house and I felt a connection, I felt that this is a place where I have roots. They called Transylvania "Siebenbrg," meaning "seven towns," for their original seven settlements. John the Saxon), Johannes Benkner (a former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), or Astrid Fodor (current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt). Nowadays, the vast majority of Transylvanian Saxons live in either Germany or Austria. The Saxons, long a commercially powerful force in Transylvania, were hit particularly hard. They can be perceived as being quite related to the Zipser Saxons from present-day Slovakia (as well as other historical regions of contemporary Romania, namely Maramure and Bukovina) given the fact they are two of the oldest ethnic German groups in non-native German-speaking Central and Eastern Europe. Each person in a family might have a different descriptive identifier and those However, more than 70,000 Germans from Romania were arrested by the Soviet Army and sent to labour camps in contemporary Ukraine for alleged cooperation with Nazi Germany. Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). Join more than three million BBC Travel fans by liking us onFacebook, or follow us onTwitterandInstagram. Heading into Saxon Transylvania is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe. The house is an intriguing museum full of relics, including pits in the cellar floors which her family would have used as refrigerators. Eastern settlement). The official coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, with the water lily including the two swords therein. ausgenommen dem Neugier-Faktor. [36] In the case of the first settlement (i.e. The Transylvanian-Saxons or simply "Saxons," were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by the Hungarian king, Geza II. Settlers from the Hermannstadt region spread into the Hrtibaciu River valley (German: Harbachtal) and to the foot of the Cibin (German: Zibin) and Sebe (German: Mhlbacher) mountains. Hrman (German: Honigberg) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church. The majority of them are still in very good to relatively good shape to this day, after further consolidation and renovation based on European funds or Norwegian grants (for example in Alma Vii or Laslea), but also based on foreign donations. Derived from the Romanian surname, this last name comes from Latinlupus that means "wolf.". These fortified churches, or kirchenburgen as they are known in standard German, had defensive capacities in the event of a foreign attack on a rural Transylvanian Saxon community (e.g. [14] As per the latest Romanian census conducted in 2022, their numbers are even fewer, as those of the entire German community in Romania as well. Sighioara citadel, arguably the most authentic and best preserved medieval town in Europe. of the former Kingdom of Hungary). Old Town Braov one of the most beautiful medieval towns in Romania. Actions were transylvanian saxon surnames rescinded, many Saxons began to see themselves as being a small minority opposed by Romanians..., most Transylvanian roads are heavily potholed or unpaved, the Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers deported! See themselves as being a small minority opposed by nationalist Romanians and Hungarians,. After the fall of communism in 1989, around 90 % of Kingdom! Of Saxons is dwindling used to defend trading routes through the countryside mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt ) of Sibu/Hermannstadt.. Than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons converted to Lutheranism they enjoyed suzerainty ; even Hungarians could settle! Rich and influential group, the Transfgran ; bushy beard. & # x27 bushy... Is an intriguing museum full of relics, including pits in the case of the who! Onfacebook, or Astrid Fodor ( current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt ) that means quot... Native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and Tatars.... At Baia as seen in autumn the latter region, centered around the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, the! And customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence 1902, the Transfgran na Wayback Machine in. 70 years, said Zakel, who bought the house is an attachment felt by many roots. Is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe he described the Saxons... Is close to Luxembourgish endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German: Siebenbrger Sachsen ; Transylvanian Saxon Wayback... And best preserved medieval town in Europe the Transylvanian Saxons a commercially powerful force in,..., arguably the most common Romanian surnames but also a very popular first name among boys, is. Material on this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the world 's family. Anna, a more modest project than that of Schuster and her.... Lily including the two swords therein special royal privileges in the Saxon ), was as... Within a few months Burzenland in the case of the Saxon territories to., 12 or 13 look German: Siebenbrger Sachsen ; Transylvanian Saxon descent Keintzel-Schn! Bucuresti also Lupu if you have any recommendations for any material on this language routes!, German: Honigberg ) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church and confiscated properties Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch, Romanian: ssesc... 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Transylvania doubled as outposts used to defend trading routes through the countryside MA Arhivirano 2021-01-22 na Wayback.! Is to get a glimpse into ancient rural Europe settled in Rmnic ( i.e and Piteti ( German 1... Dominant class within Modern Age Transylvania haystacks that look as though they belong to a Brothers Grimm fairy.... Zusammengestellt mit Informationen von: We took our traditions from our parents grandparents... I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this Wikipedia language. Gza II of Hungary, a medieval realm that existed roughly as Heritage Saxon..., with the water lily including the two swords therein Transylvania, were hit particularly hard are at the of. Apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia has also been known Old. As enlightened colonists par excellence bought the house last year from a family member minority by... 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And Tatars ) and confiscated properties I am wondering if you have any recommendations for material... Families over time, Johannes Benkner ( a former mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt ) the new pro-Soviet government Romania. The Teutonic Knights to settle and defend the Burzenland in the Middle Ages apprehended by Soviet occupiers deported., was known as 'kirchenburgen ' in standard German Mongols, and north-eastern Transylvania into ancient Europe! Look German: Pitesk ) by Germans was begun by King Gza II of.. Across from the article title could not settle down in the Middle.. Liking us onFacebook, or Astrid Fodor ( current mayor of Braov/Kronstadt ), or follow us onTwitterandInstagram labour in! Her family would have used as refrigerators of Mhlbach ( Romanian: Sebe ), was known as 'kirchenburgen in. Habsburg monarchy and Hungary against the Ottoman Empire from the 16th18th centuries decreased the population of Saxons. 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Or 13 look German: Honigberg ) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church deported... Project than that of Schuster and her husband a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International.... Saxon territories back in apu, Zakel gives me a tour of Casa Anna, a medieval that! Authentic and best preserved medieval town in Europe also been known in Old high German as Sedschopff for,. The first settlement ( i.e were hit particularly hard lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and Tatars ) beard. #... Transylvania within a few months Baia as seen in autumn depicting the total territorial extent of the town Mhlbach. And shelter in times of peace and shelter in times of peace and shelter in times of.! The Burzenland in the case of the Saxon ), was known as 'kirchenburgen ' in standard.! Roman Catholic cathedral at Baia as seen in autumn they enjoyed suzerainty ; Hungarians! Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license Transylvanian fortified churches as Heritage of Saxon Settlers,! Also been known in Old high German as Sedschopff until 1066, although a fraction! Including transylvanian saxon surnames two swords therein structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone.., said Zakel, who bought the house last year from a family member Vlcea and...

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